Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antibodies are found in subjects who have been immunized by pregnancies, transfusions, or transplants. Anti-HLA antibodies are the main problem for transplantation. It is, therefore, important to reduce antibody levels in transplant patients with high titers.

The requirements for transplantation success are negative cross match and panel reactive anticore (PRA). This is not a requirement for the transplantation team, but an obligation.